Master First Aid and Injectable Therapy with Manual Practico De Primeros Auxilios E Inyectables Alejandro Medina Pdf
Manual Practico De Primeros Auxilios E Inyectables Alejandro Medina Pdf: A Comprehensive Guide for Health Care Professionals and Students
If you are a health care professional or a student who wants to learn more about first aid and injectable therapy, you might be interested in reading the Manual Practico De Primeros Auxilios E Inyectables Alejandro Medina Pdf. This manual is written by Alejandro Medina, a renowned nurse and educator who has more than 30 years of experience in the field. The manual is published by Ventura in 2011, and it contains 807 pages of practical and updated information on how to deal with common emergencies, perform basic life support, prepare and administer injections, prevent complications, and more. In this article, we will give you an overview of the main topics and features of the manual, as well as some reasons why you should read it.
Manual Practico De Primeros Auxilios E Inyectables Alejandro Medina Pdfl
Introduction
The Manual Practico De Primeros Auxilios E Inyectables Alejandro Medina Pdf is divided into two main sections:
Primeros Auxilios (First Aid), which covers the general principles and objectives of first aid, the assessment and management of common emergencies, basic life support and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and the use of first aid kit and equipment.
Inyectables (Injectables), which covers the general principles and objectives of injectable therapy, the types and routes of injections, the preparation and administration of injections, the complications and adverse effects of injections.
The manual is written in a clear, concise, and easy-to-understand language, with plenty of examples, illustrations, tables, charts, diagrams, algorithms, protocols, tips, warnings, precautions, summaries, questions, exercises, references, glossaries, appendices, etc. The manual is also designed to be interactive, engaging, informative, educational, practical, applicable, relevant, evidence-based, up-to-date, comprehensive, complete, accurate, reliable, authoritative, etc.
The manual is intended for health care professionals who work in different settings such as hospitals, clinics, ambulances, schools, workplaces, communities, etc., as well as for students who are studying nursing, medicine, pharmacy, dentistry, veterinary, etc. The manual can also be useful for anyone who wants to learn more about first aid and injectable therapy for personal or professional reasons.
The manual aims to provide health care professionals and students with the knowledge, skills, attitudes, and values that are necessary to perform first aid and injectable therapy safely, effectively, efficiently, ethically, legally, and humanely. The manual also aims to promote health awareness, prevention, education, advocacy, and empowerment among health care professionals, students, and the general public.
Primeros Auxilios (First Aid)
The first section of the manual covers Primeros Auxilios (First Aid), which is defined as "the immediate care given to a person who has suffered an injury or illness until more advanced medical help arrives or the person recovers" . The section covers the following topics:
General principles and objectives of first aid
This topic explains the general principles that guide first aid practice such as:
The primary goal of first aid is to preserve life.
The secondary goal of first aid is to prevent further harm.
The tertiary goal of first aid is to promote recovery.
The golden rule of first aid is to do no harm.
The golden hour of first aid is the first hour after an injury or illness occurs.
The ABCDE approach of first aid is to assess Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, and Exposure.
This topic also explains the general objectives that first aiders should achieve such as:
To recognize signs and symptoms of injury or illness.
To provide immediate care according to priority.
To call for help when needed.
To monitor vital signs until help arrives.
To reassure the casualty and bystanders.
To document what happened.
Assessment and management of common emergencies
This topic covers how to assess and manage common emergencies that can affect different body systems such as:
Respiratory and cardiac arrest
This emergency occurs when a person stops breathing or their heart stops beating. It can be caused by various factors such as trauma, drowning, choking, allergy, drug overdose, electrocution, etc. It can lead to brain damage or death if not treated promptly. The signs include unconsciousness, absence of pulse or breathing sounds, bluish skin color, etc. The management includes performing CPR (chest compressions + rescue breaths), using an automated external defibrillator (AED) if available, Bleeding and shock
This emergency occurs when a person loses a large amount of blood due to an injury or a medical condition. It can be caused by various factors such as cuts, stab wounds, gunshot wounds, internal bleeding, etc. It can lead to low blood pressure or shock if not treated promptly. The signs include pale or clammy skin, rapid or weak pulse, shallow or rapid breathing, dizziness or fainting, thirst or nausea, etc. The management includes applying direct pressure to the wound, elevating the injured part above the heart level, using a tourniquet if necessary, calling for help, treating for shock by keeping the person warm and comfortable.
Wounds and infections
This emergency occurs when a person has a break in the skin or a foreign object in the body due to an injury or a medical condition. It can be caused by various factors such as scrapes, bruises, blisters, splinters, bites, etc. It can lead to infection or tetanus if not treated promptly. The signs include pain, redness, swelling, pus, fever, etc. The management includes cleaning the wound with soap and water, removing any foreign object with tweezers or a sterile needle, applying an antiseptic and a bandage, changing the dressing regularly, getting a tetanus shot if needed.
Burns and scalds
This emergency occurs when a person has damage to the skin or tissues due to exposure to heat, cold, electricity, chemicals, radiation, etc. It can be caused by various factors such as fire, steam, hot liquids, sunburn, frostbite, etc. It can lead to pain, infection, scarring, disability, or death if not treated promptly. The signs include redness, blisters, peeling, charring, numbness, etc. The management includes cooling the burn with water for at least 10 minutes, removing any clothing or jewelry that is not stuck to the skin, covering the burn with a sterile dressing or a clean cloth, calling for help, treating for shock.
Fractures and dislocations
This emergency occurs when a person has a break or a displacement of a bone or a joint due to an injury or a medical condition. It can be caused by various factors such as falls, accidents, sports injuries, osteoporosis, etc. It can lead to pain, swelling, deformity, loss of function, nerve damage, or infection if not treated promptly. The signs include abnormal shape or position of the affected part, difficulty in moving or bearing weight on the affected part, grating sound or sensation when moving the affected part, etc. The management includes immobilizing the affected part with a splint or a sling, applying ice to reduce swelling and pain, calling for help.
Poisoning and overdose
This topic covers how to perform basic life support and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for a person who is not breathing or whose heart is not beating. It covers the following steps:
Check for responsiveness by tapping the person's shoulder and shouting "Are you OK?"
Call for help by dialing the emergency number or asking someone else to do so.
Open the airway by tilting the head back and lifting the chin up.
Check for breathing by looking, listening, and feeling for any signs of normal breathing for no more than 10 seconds.
If the person is not breathing normally, start CPR by giving 30 chest compressions followed by 2 rescue breaths.
Continue CPR until help arrives or the person shows signs of life.
The manual explains how to perform chest compressions and rescue breaths correctly, as well as how to use an automated external defibrillator (AED) if available. The manual also explains how to modify CPR for different age groups (adults, children, infants) and special situations (pregnancy, drowning, trauma, etc.).
Use of first aid kit and equipment
This topic covers how to use a first aid kit and equipment effectively and safely. It covers the following aspects:
The contents and functions of a first aid kit, such as bandages, gauze, tape, scissors, tweezers, gloves, antiseptics, etc.
The maintenance and storage of a first aid kit, such as checking the expiry dates, replenishing the supplies, keeping it clean and dry, etc.
The precautions and contraindications of using a first aid kit, such as avoiding allergic reactions, infections, or misuse of medications, etc.
The additional equipment that can be useful in first aid situations, such as AEDs, splints, slings, blankets, flashlights, whistles, etc.
Inyectables (Injectables)
The second section of the manual covers Inyectables (Injectables), which is defined as "the administration of a liquid substance into the body through a needle and a syringe" . The section covers the following topics:
General principles and objectives of injectable therapy
This topic explains the general principles that guide injectable therapy such as:
The purpose of injectable therapy is to deliver a medication or a fluid into the body in a fast and effective way.
The advantages of injectable therapy are that it bypasses the digestive system, allows precise control of dosage and timing, and can be used for emergencies or chronic conditions.
The disadvantages of injectable therapy are that it requires special skills and equipment, involves pain and discomfort, and carries risks of complications and adverse effects.
The ethical and legal issues of injectable therapy are that it requires informed consent, respect for autonomy, confidentiality, and accountability.
This topic also explains the general objectives that injectable therapists should achieve such as:
To select the appropriate type and route of injection according to the patient's condition and preference.
To prepare and administer the injection according to standard procedures and protocols.
To prevent and manage any complications or adverse effects that may arise from the injection.
To document and report any relevant information about the injection.
Types and routes of injections
This topic covers how to choose the best type and route of injection for different purposes and situations. It covers the following types and routes:
Intravenous (IV)
This type of injection involves delivering a substance directly into a vein. It is used for rapid or continuous administration of fluids, medications, blood products, etc. The advantages are that it has an immediate effect, allows precise control of dosage and timing, and can be used for large volumes or multiple substances. The disadvantages are that it requires special skills and equipment, involves pain and discomfort, and carries risks of complications such as infection, phlebitis, embolism, extravasation, etc. The common sites for IV injection are the veins in the arms or hands.
Intramuscular (IM)
This type of injection involves delivering a substance into a muscle. It is used for slow or sustained administration of medications such as antibiotics, vaccines, hormones, etc. The advantages are that it has a longer effect, allows absorption of larger amounts or thicker substances, and can be used for emergencies or self-administration. The disadvantages are that it requires special skills and equipment, involves pain and discomfort, and carries risks of complications such as infection, hematoma, nerve damage, etc. The common sites for IM injection are the deltoid muscle in the upper arm, the vastus lateralis muscle in the thigh, or the gluteus medius muscle in the buttock.
Subcutaneous (SC)
This type of injection involves delivering a substance into the fatty layer under the skin. It is used for slow or steady administration of medications such as insulin, heparin, allergy shots, etc. The advantages are that it has a moderate effect, allows absorption of small amounts or thin substances, and can be used for self-administration. The disadvantages are that it requires special skills and equipment, involves pain and discomfort, and carries risks of complications such as infection, bleeding, allergic reaction, etc. The common sites for SC injection are the abdomen, the upper arm, the thigh, or the back of the upper arm.
Intradermal (ID)
This type of injection involves delivering a substance into the dermis or the second layer of the skin. It is used for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes such as skin tests, local anesthesia, etc. The advantages are that it has a rapid effect, allows detection of allergic reactions or immune responses, and can be used for small amounts or dilute substances. The disadvantages are that it requires special skills and equipment, involves pain and discomfort, and carries risks of complications such as infection, bleeding, allergic reaction, etc. The common sites for ID injection are the inner forearm, the upper back, or the upper chest.
Preparation and administration of injections
This topic covers how to prepare and administer injections safely and effectively. It covers the following steps:
Selection and calculation of dose and volume
This step involves choosing the right substance and the right amount to inject according to the patient's condition and preference. It involves checking the prescription or the order from the doctor or the nurse, reading the label and the instructions of the substance, calculating the dose and the volume based on the patient's weight, age, or other factors, etc.
Selection and preparation of syringe and needle
This step involves choosing the right syringe and needle to inject according to the type and route of injection. It involves checking the expiration date, the sterility, and the integrity of the syringe and needle, selecting the appropriate size and gauge of the syringe and needle based on the volume and viscosity of the substance, preparing the syringe and needle by removing any packaging or caps, etc.
Aseptic technique and infection control
cleaning the injection site with an antiseptic wipe or swab, avoiding touching the needle or the substance with bare hands or any unsterile object, disposing of any used or contaminated syringe, needle, or substance in a sharps container or a biohazard bag, etc.
Site selection and skin preparation
This step involves choosing the best place to inject according to the route of injection and the patient's condition and preference. It involves locating the site by using anatomical landmarks or palpating the vein or the muscle, avoiding any areas that are injured, infected, inflamed, scarred, or tattooed, marking the site with a pen or a marker if needed, etc.
Injection technique and procedure
This step involves performing the injection according to the standard procedures and protocols for each type and route of injection. It involves holding the syringe and needle in a dominant hand and stabilizing the site with a non-dominant hand, inserting the needle at the correct angle and depth into the skin, aspirating the syringe to check for blood return if needed, injecting the substance slowly and steadily into the body, withdrawing the needle quickly and smoothly from the skin, applying pressure to the site with a sterile gauze or a cotton ball to stop any bleeding, etc.
Post-injection care and disposal of sharps
This step involves providing care and support to the patient after injection. It involves observing the patient for any signs of complications or adverse effects such as pain, infection, allergic reaction, etc., giving instructions on how to care for the injection site such as keeping it clean and dry, changing the dressing if needed, etc., advising on when to seek medical attention if needed, documenting and reporting any relevant information about the injection such as date, time, substance, dose, volume, site, route, etc., disposing of any used or contaminated syringe, needle, or substance in a sharps container or a biohazard bag, etc.
Complications and adverse effects of injections
This topic covers how to prevent and manage any complications or adverse effects that may arise from injections. It covers the following types of complications and adverse effects:
Pain and inflammation
This complication occurs when a person feels discomfort or swelling at the injection site. It can be caused by various factors such as improper technique, infection, allergy, etc. It can be prevented by using aseptic technique, choosing an appropriate site and needle size, injecting slowly and gently, etc. It can be managed by applying ice or heat to reduce pain and inflammation, taking painkillers or anti-inflammatory drugs if needed, etc.
Hematoma and bleeding
This complication occurs when a person has a bruise or bleeding at the injection site. It can be caused by various factors such as hitting a blood vessel during injection, removing the needle too quickly or without applying pressure, having a bleeding disorder or taking blood thinners, etc. It can be prevented by using aseptic technique, choosing an appropriate site and needle size, applying pressure to the site after injection, etc. It can be managed by applying ice or pressure to reduce bleeding and swelling, elevating the affected part above the heart level, seeking medical attention if the bleeding is severe or does not stop, etc.
Infection and abscess
This complication occurs when a person has a bacterial infection or a collection of pus at the injection site. It can be caused by various factors such as using unsterile equipment or substance, contaminating the site or the needle with bacteria, having a weak immune system or a chronic disease, etc. It can be prevented by using aseptic technique, choosing an appropriate site and needle size, cleaning the site before and after injection, etc. It can be managed by applying warm compresses to promote drainage and healing, taking antibiotics or anti-inflammatory drugs if prescribed, seeking medical attention if the infection is severe or does not improve, etc.
Nerve damage and paralysis
This complication occurs when a person has damage to a nerve or a loss of function of a muscle or a limb due to injection. It can be caused by various factors such as hitting a nerve during injection, injecting too deeply or too superficially, injecting into an inappropriate site or route, etc. It can be prevented by using aseptic technique, choosing an appropriate site and needle size, avoiding any areas that have nerves or blood vessels near the surface, etc. It can be managed by applying ice or heat t